Under the Ice Understanding the Arctic Food Web

You may think of the Arctic as a barren wasteland of snow and ice. But there is lots of life thriving in those cold temperatures. Admittedly, there are fewer animals that have adapted to live in the harsh, cold weather of the Arctic, thus the food chain is relatively simple compared to most ecosystems. Here is a look at the animals that play a major role in keeping the Arctic ecosystem alive. Plankton As in most marine environments, phytoplankton (microscopic animals that live in the oceans) are the key food source for many Arctic species, including krill and fish, species that then become food sources for animals further up the chain.   Krill Krill are small shrimp-like crustaceans that live in many marine ecosystems. In the Arctic, they eat phytoplankton and are in turn eaten by fish, birds, seals, and even carnivorous plankton. These tiny little krill are also the primary food source for baleen whales. Fish The Arctic Ocean is teeming with fish. Some of the most common include salmon, mackerel, char, cod, halibut, trout, eel, and sharks. Arctic fish eat krill and plankton and are eaten by seals, bear, other large and small mammals, and birds. Small mammals Small mammals such as lemmings, shrew, weasels, hares, and muskrats make their home in the Arctic. Some may eat fish, while others eat lichen, seeds, or grasses. Birds According to the U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, there are 201 birds that make their home in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The list includes geese, swans, teals, mallards, mergansers, buffleheads, grouse, loons, osprey, bald eagles, hawks, gulls, terns, puffins, owls, woodpeckers, hummingbirds, chickadees, sparrows, and finches. Depending upon the species, these birds eat insects, seeds, or nuts as well as smaller birds, krill, and fish. They may be eaten by seals, larger birds, polar bears and other mammals, and whales.   Seals The Arctic is home to several unique seal species including  ribbon seals, bearded seals, ringed seals, spotted seals, harp seals, and hooded seals. These seals may eat krill, fish, birds, and other seals while being eaten by whales, polar bears, and other seal species. Large mammals Wolves, foxes, lynx, reindeer, moose, and caribou are common Arctic residents. These larger mammals typically feed on smaller animals such as  lemmings, voles, seal pups, fish, and birds. Perhaps one of the most famous Arctic mammals is the polar bear, whose range lies primarily within the Arctic Circle. Polar bears eat seals - usually ringed and bearded seals. Polar bears are the top of the Arctics land-based food chain. Their biggest threat to survival is not other species. Rather it is the changing environmental conditions brought on by climate change that is causing the polar bears demise. Whales While polar bears rule the ice, its the whales that sit at the top of the Arctics marine food web. There are 17 different whales species - including dolphins and porpoises - that can be found swimming in Arctic waters. Most of these, such as gray whales, baleen whales, minke, orcas, dolphins, porpoises, and sperm whales visit the Arctic only during the warmer months of the year. Three species (bowheads, narwhals, and belugas) live in the Arctic year-round. As mentioned above, baleen whales survive solely on krill. Other whale species eat seals, seabirds, and smaller whales.

Twilight Movie Script - 11442 Words

Twilight typed (How I would die by Carter Burwell) I never thought about how I would die, but dyeing in the place of someone I love seems like a good way to go. So I can’t bring myself to regret the decision to leave home. I would miss Phoenix id miss the heat; I would miss my loving erratic hair brain mother and her new husband. (Edward eats deer) â€Å"Come on you guys I love you both but we have a plane to catch† Phil said. But they want to go on the road so I’m going to spend some time with my dad and this will be a good thing. . . I think. In the state of Washington under a near constant cover of clouds and rain there is a small town named forks, population three thousand one hundred and twenty people. This is where I’m moving. My dad is†¦show more content†¦. .† Bella said â€Å"I got your back baby† Eric said â€Å"I guess we will just run another editorial on teen drinking† Angela said â€Å"You know you could always go for eating disorders, Speedo padding on the swim team† Bella said â€Å"Actually that’s a good one† Angela said â€Å"Right, that’s exactly what I was thought† Jessica said â€Å"Were talking Olympic sized† Angela said (See Rosily and Emmet walking who are they by Carter Burwell starts playing) â€Å"There so skinny it would make scene† Jessica said â€Å"Totally† Angela said (See Alice and Jasper walking) â€Å"Who are they?† Bella asked â€Å"†The Cullen’s† Angela said â€Å"There Dr and Mrs. Cullen’s foster kids, they moved here from all the way down from Alaska like a few years ago† Jessica said â€Å"They kind of keep to them selves† Angela said â€Å"Yeah because there all together, like together, together, the blonde girl that’s Rosily and the big dark hair guy Emmet there like a thing, I’m not even sure if that’s legal† Jessica said â€Å"Jessica there not actually related† Angela said â€Å"Yeah but they live together itShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1202 Words   |  5 Pages(2010-2015), has taken Shakespeare’s mesmerising words to the chopping block, utilising the same emotional beats, lifelessly directed by Carlo Carlei, (the Italian director’s first big budget film) who ricochets the film from a timeless tragedy into a ‘Twilight’ want-to-be. 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Bullying Argumentative essay - 970 Words

Name Professor Writing Argumentative Essay 25 November 2013 Bullying Have you ever seen or experienced bullying and the dramatic effects it has on its victims? Unfortunately nine out of every ten students have experienced bullying in school or online. Many people believe that bullying is a part of growing up and kids do not know any better. Bullies are intentionally causing mental and or physical damage to their victims, which will affect them for the rest of their lives. Bullying has shown that it can cause self inflicted injuries and even suicide in America today, and there should be no doubt that we need to protect our youth today. We need to enforce a law that will have bullies face harsh legal punishment in order to do†¦show more content†¦They should be treated like an individual who knows right and wrong and continues to do wrong by physically assault another student. In most cases of self inflicted injuries are caused by cyber bullying, which is online or over the phone. It is horrible and it takes a lot to make someone feel like their life is not worth living or that bringing a blade to their wrists will relieve the pain they are going through mentally. Cyber bullies attack people psychologically and get very personal with the intent of hurting someone. They hide behind the computer and use it to ruin others lives. That is worse than physical bullying, because the psychological scars are things that will be with the victims forever. It will affect their self esteem, their value of life, their insecurities, and how they act socially. Bullying does not go away after you leave school, bullying in some cases stays with people for the rest of their lives. The events that the victims went through torments them for the rest of their lives through flash backs, fears created by the bully, and even seeing the bully themselves. 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The Method of Scientific Investigation free essay sample

Thomas Huxley explains scientific investigation in more depth in his The Method of Scientific Investigation essay, what is he trying to say in this passage? It could be many things, it could be nothing or it could be something, were basically trying to find out what he is explaining when he talks about this certain scientific method. His meaning of scientific investigation is very detailed that one must use the operations of induction and deduction in their everyday lives, and its very much true but we dont notice it not one bit. For example; if you go and buy a cell phone you basically examine it and see it suits your lifestyle and liking, this is called induction, you were analyzing and tracing its logical elements. Huxley as well states something similar but towards a person buying an apple in a fruiterers shop. Huxley states, fou take up one, and, on biting it, you find it is sour; you look at it, and see it is hard and green. We will write a custom essay sample on The Method of Scientific Investigation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The shop man offers you a third; but before biting it, you examine it, and find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say that you will not have it, as it must be sour, like those that you have already tried (Huxley 2). Buying a cell phone, shopping for an apple, or buying anything, you will in fact do some induction, its all in the method of scientific investigation, you generalized the facts and came to conclusion on your final decision on buying the product or not and then thats when you start deducting your choices during this method. Although, people perform inductions and deductions without even knowing that they are, they also perform hypothesizes. A hypothesis to me is an educated guess, as to Huxley; a hypothesis Just means that you are coming to a conclusion without examination. He uses a burglary for example stating that someone has broke open the window, entered the room, and run off with the spoons and the tea-pot (Huxley 4). He states that this is merely a hypothesis rapidly framed in your own mind, that you havent taken the time to properly examine the situation without scientific investigation. All throughout the second paragraph on page four of his essay he gives a brief explanation on what examinations he has gotten from the situation without jumping straight to conclusions, this also relates to induction and deduction, as well as his apple theory which a person will examine an apple and come to his/her final decision to buy it or not is also called a syllogism, he or she is coming to their final etermination. Thomas Huxley wants us to understand that scientific investigation is not as difficult as it seems but it makes everyday life possible. Huxleys tone throughout this essay was very familiar and direct because he talks to the reader about scientific investigation. For example, in his second paragraph on the first page he says, mfou The use of you in this one paragraph and throughout his essay makes it sound like he is talking to whoever is reading directly, thats why his tone is familiar and direct. In conclusion, Thomas Huxleys essay The Method of Scientific Investigation basically explains how this method will help a lot of people and it is used during our everyday lives, which makes it possible as well. The apple theory that he made in his essay is very useful in proving his point in his argument which one uses induction and deduction and come to a final syllogism in choosing an apple from a fruit shop. Also he explains his definition of a hypothesis, when one person comes to a conclusion without examining the situation with more depth, he talks about a urglary of a tea-pot on the fourth page to better explain the meaning of his definition of the term hypothesis, in a familiar and direct tone that really captivates the reader as he talks to them directly. So my definition of scientific investigation was close to his, in which I stated that it breaks down a problem to find a solution scientifically. Work Cited Huxley, Thomas. The Method of Scientific Investigation. Autobiography and Selected Essays. Copyrighted in 1909 by the Riverside College Classics Press. Ed. Ada L. F. Shell. New York City. Print.